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Author: Andrew Branca

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Andrew Branca

Andrew F. Branca is in his third decade of practicing law in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. He wrote the first edition of the "Law of Self Defense" in 1997, and is currently in the process of completing the fully revised and updated second edition, which you can preorder now at lawofselfdefense.com. He began his competitive shooting activities as a youth in smallbore rifle, and today is a Life Member of the National Rifle Association (NRA) and a Life Member and Master-class competitor in multiple classifications in the International Defensive Pistol Association (IDPA). Andrew has for many years been an NRA-certified firearms instructor in pistol, rifle, and personal protection, and has previously served as an Adjunct Instructor on the Law of Self Defense at the SigSauer Academy in Epping, NH. He holds or has held concealed carry permits for Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maine, Pennsylvania, Florida, Utah, Virginia, and other states.

Today continues with the third day of the murder trial of Theodore Wafer in the Detroit front porch shooting death of Renisha McBride.  We covered days two and one here (presented in reverse chronological order):

Detroit Front Porch Shooting case: Day 2 End-of-Day Wrap-Up

Detroit Front Porch Shooting case: Day 2 Mid-Day Wrap-Up

Detroit Front Porch Shooting case: Day 1 End-of-Day Wrap-Up

Detroit Front Porch Shooting case: Day 1 Mid-Day Wrap-Up

This morning saw testimony from five witnesses, among them:
  • Davonta Bynes who texted with McBride the night of her death.
  • Ray Murad, a neighbor of Wafer's who heard noise before the shooting, as well as the shot itself.
  • Michigan State Police Detective Sergeant Kevin Lucidi, an accident reconstruction expert.
  • Livonia Detective Wade Higgason, who recovered McBride's cell phone from her impounded vehicle.
  • ATF Special Agent Stan Brue, an expert on cell phone records.

Joseph Walker, the New Jersey police officer who shot and killed Joseph Harvey Jr. in a Maryland road-rage incident, took the stand this past Friday to testify in his own defense over a 90 minute period, reports The Baltimore Sun.  Walker is charged with first degree murder in the case, and if convicted faces life in prison.

I just came across some brief TV news coverage with additional details on the case of 80-year-old CA native Tom Greer pursuing and shooting in the back 28-year-old Andrea Miller. We covered the case the other day, Pro-Tip: Shooting Fleeing Women in the Back is NOT Self-Defense. Miller and 26-year-old Gus Adams had invaded Greer's home and began to ransack the residence. When confronted by Greer, they attacked him, breaking his collar bone. Long Beach Police Chief Jim McDonnell reports in a television interview (video embedded after break) that at that point Adams went to try to break into Greer's safe, while Miller continued to assault Greer. They both Miller and Adams believed Greer to no longer be a threat and left him alone to continue to ransack his home.

[Clarification (7/26/14): I've just been informed by a knowledgeable person on the Zimmerman side of this case that what was submitted to the 5th DCA this past Friday is the official notice of appeal.  The actual appeal has not yet been submitted.] As anticipated by, well, everybody, George Zimmerman's civil lawyer, James Beasley Jr., has filed an appeal with Florida's Fifth District Court of Appeals (5th DCA) of the dismissal by June Debra Nelson of Zimmerman's defamation suit against NBC broadcasting.  This is per reports by Orlando's WKMG and the Orlando Sentinel. We previously covered Judge Nelson's dismissal of the suit here at Legal Insurrection, Zimmerman Libel Suit Against NBC Thrown Out, including the full text of her order. [caption id="attachment_93224" align="alignnone" width="450"]Judge Debra Nelson Judge Debra Nelson[/caption]

One of the conditions of using deadly force in self-defense is that one be facing an imminent threat of death or grave bodily harm. That definition of imminence is well captured by Black’s Law Dictionary:
Immediate danger, such as must be instantly met, such as cannot be guarded against by calling for the assistance of others or the protection of the law . . . Such an appearance of threatened and impending injury as would put a reasonable and prudent person to his instant defense.
In other words, the threat is about to happen right now.

This afternoon saw testimony from two additional Dearborn Heights law enforcement officers,  Tim Zawacki and Mark Parrinello. Highlights of this afternoon's events included a request by the Prosecution for sanctions against the defense for a mention earlier this morning of general crime in the Wafer neighborhood.  A pretrial ruling excludes such generalized mention of neighborhood crime unless a foundation can be established of Wafer's personal knowledge of specific crime events (e.g., the defense's proposed "neighborhood crime map" that was excluded by the Judge Hathaway). Also important was the testimony by Officer Parrinello that the peephole in the front door was functional.  A key difficulty for the defense is the question of why Wafer opened the front door.  It was this act that made him vulnerable to potential attack, which is presumably his reason for having discharged the shotgun.  Had he simply stayed behind his locked door, no deadly force would have been required.  One possible explanation would have been that the peephole in his front door was disabled, and therefore he could ascertain the situation outside his front door only by opening it.  That argument's power is now greatly diminished if not eliminated. Similarly, just before the lunch break 911 dispatcher Valentine Pepper testified that Wafer told him over the phone that he fired the shotgun by accident. (This part of the 911 call was not recorded, however, because it occurred when 911 called back Wafer.)

This afternoon I was helpfully directed to a live video stream of the Wafer trial, suggesting the streaming of the trial is not explicitly prohibited, as I had been led to believe Unfortunately the feed was of such low quality it was effectively useless. It seems even the provider recognized this, because after about an hour in the afternoon they cut off the feed entirely. We'll see what happens tomorrow, I guess. In summary of the afternoon, the state brought two witnesses:  Carmen Beasley, the woman whose husband's parked car was struck by Renisha McBride in front of Beasley's home several hours before McBride was shot by Wafer.  It was Beasley who first called 911, and who first communicated with the dazed and injured McBride.  This accident took place about a mile from Wafer's home, the site of the shooting. Also appearing was Dearborn police officer Ruben Gonzalez, who was among the first responders on the scene. Gonzalez interacted directly with Wafer, and helped to secure the crime scene. The defense claims that Wafer reasonably used deadly force in the belief that someone was attempting to violently enter his home. The state argues that Wafer unreasonably created the circumstances in which an innocent person was killed.
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