Headscarves and “East Coast fashion”: SCOTUS to set standard on religious accommodation
Do we have to ask for religious accommodation?
Today, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments in a case that pits the concept of religious accommodation against company dress codes and hiring practices.
Just writing it out makes it sound depressing, doesn’t it? The facts don’t make things much better. Back in 2008, Samantha Elauf, an observant Muslim, applied and was interviewed for a job at teen-friendly retailer Abercrombie & Fitch. She impressed the hiring manager, but when the time came to make a decision, the manager decided not to hire Samantha because she had concerns about whether or not Samantha would insist on wearing her headscarf to work. This would have been a violation of Abercrombie’s “Look Policy,” which dictates that employees conform to a strict set of style guidelines that specifically prohibit head coverings and black clothing.
After Samantha failed to get the job, a friend of hers already employed with the retailer asked the hiring manager for her reasons, and the manager indicated that the headscarf played a part in her decision.
Welcome to the Supreme Court, Abercrombie. Enjoy your stay.
The EEOC sued on Elauf’s behalf on grounds of religious discrimination, and down came a $20,000 award in favor of her case. The 10th circuit overturned the decision, saying that because Elauf never asked for an accommodation, the company wasn’t liable for not offering one; the Court was uncomfortable holding employers to a standard that would require them to ask about a religious exemption they may not know an employee needs.
Sixteen advocacy organizations filed briefs arguing against a standard that would place the burden of seeking religious accommodation solely on the employee or applicant. Elauf has found friends in activist communities—and not just those related to the Muslim community:
One brief, filed by Jewish groups, noted that one of the law’s purposes was to protect Orthodox Jews, who cannot work from sundown Friday to nightfall on Saturday, in addition to various Jewish holidays.
In a separate brief, the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee and other Muslim organizations cite what they call “pervasive employment discrimination” against Muslims. The wearing of hijab has been recognized by the government as a protected religious practice, the brief said.
Christian organizations that weighed in include the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists and the National Association of Evangelicals.
Abercrombie has the backing of business groups, including the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. The company has faced other lawsuits including one in which it agreed in 2004 to pay $40 million to several thousand minority and female plaintiffs who had accused the company of discrimination.
SCOTUSblog explains the proposed standards currently in play:
The federal government urges the Court to rule that a job applicant like Elauf should not be solely responsible for asking a would-be employer to accommodate her religious beliefs. Instead, it argues, an employer can’t refuse to hire someone based on its understanding of her religious practices if that understanding is correct – as it was in this case, when the assistant manager understood that Elauf was wearing the scarf because she is a Muslim, even if Elauf did not specifically say so. Otherwise, the government complains, employers could easily get around the anti-discrimination laws as long as they aren’t certain about an applicant’s religious practices. And, it adds, an employer is often in a better position than a would-be employee to know its rules and whether they might conflict with an employee’s religious practices.
Abercrombie counters that assigning that burden is far more complicated than the government would have the Court believe. How, it asks, are employers supposed to know whether an applicant will want or need an exemption from their rules? This is particularly difficult, it notes, when the anti-discrimination laws protect all would-be applicants, even if their religions aren’t well known or the members of that religion don’t necessarily agree on what their faith requires. Moreover, Abercrombie adds, an employer isn’t supposed to ask a job applicant about her religion at all. Even the EEOC’s earlier statements had previously acknowledged this difficulty, it points out, by requiring a job applicant to ask the employer to work with her to accommodate her religious beliefs. And that rule has worked well for over forty years.
My biggest concern? How either of these proposed standards will work when we’re all too busy tiptoeing around each other to have an honest discussion about religious differences (or lack thereof.) I can’t remember when the activist set last allowed people to ask, “where are you from?” much less a pointed question about whether or not the person you’re interviewing will insist on keeping her headscarf on during her shift.
Legal perspectives aside, it blows my mind that a hiring manager wouldn’t stop and think as to whether or not declining to hire someone based on a potential question about a headscarf might not be the best call. On some level, it’s not a religious issue—it’s a human issue. Just ask the question!
Then again, in this world of the perpetually offended, you never know what kind of reaction a question like that will get you.
We’ll keep you updated on the Court’s decision—and the potential ensuing chaos that follows.
The case is EEOC v. Abercrombie & Fitch.
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Comments
Asking questions about religion during an interview are deemed to be illegal. In the PC world we live in, that’s just the way it is.
truly Orwellian, isn’t it?
the government does Catch 22 *so* well, don’t they? oh well, at least the economy is doing great, so we have that going for us…
The whole thing is so stupid and preventable, it’s ‘Boehnerilian.’
Don’t know why you have to ask about their religion in those terms, just explain the company dress code, hours, etc. and ask the prospective employee if they’d have a problem with any of them.
if i was employed somewhere, and the boss introduced my new cow-orker, who happened to be an observant moose slime, i’d file a complaint over the boss’s creation of a hostil w*rk environment.
given the steady stream of murderous headbangers in the news, it’s a legitimate concern.
I’ve worked with a number of Moslems, all of whom were far more interested in hours than anything else.
Not to say problem Moslems don’t exist.
Don’t blame all until they start acting.
Fascinating…
Abercrombie has a policy created, we may assume, on its business model. Employees and applicants know this.
A young lady who wears a head-covering as a matter of religious preference, applies for a job she (presumably) knows violates the business model of her prospective employer.
The young lady and the EEOC are quite prepared to essentially force employment in direct contravention of the employer’s business model. This in the name of “religious accommodation”.
This seems analogous to an LDS applicant applying for a job as a cocktail waiter/waitress, and asking that they never be required to serve alcoholic beverages.
On the other end of the spectrum, we have religious people being ruined because they demur from providing cut flowers or pastries to queer “weddings”.
As I noted yesterday, we live in a funny old world…
Great observation, Rags. “. . . religious people being ruined because they demur from providing cut flowers or pastries to queer “weddings”.
If the courts really wanted to end this entire line of lawsuits they could make the employer’s known employment policies be published and made available to any and all applicants. Once the applicant received that list of requirements then it would be up to the applicant to seek or not the job opening. If the requirements for the job violated any religious or dress beliefs held by the applicant then they could either accept the rules of the employer or not seek the job. Ergo no more lawsuits unless the employer had rules that truly discriminated like race or gender biases. I am sure that between lawyers and the EEOC they can completely ruin my theory of common sense.
Oh, there’d be lawsuits if a member of a Federally approved aggrieved group disagreed with the published guidelines.
It’s not fascinating, it’s lawfare. A lot of that happening from the Muslim community. Where Western standards and Islamic ones conflict Islamic ones must prevail. That’s why Muslims apply for jobs they know require handling pork and then sue for religious accommodation.
I’m not sure why a religious woman would want to be in slut apparel.
A&F seem to be fishing for trouble with Muslims; there was a similar case a few years ago when a woman was denied a place on the sales floor.
This was never about wearing or selling apparel. It’s about imposing Islamic norms on the rest of us.
A manager should never share information about interviews with anyone except superiors. That’s what started this.
Yep.
Have to wonder what they are going to do when a native of New Guinea who, by custom and culture, only wears a penis sheath applies for a job somewhere (warm).
Maybe as a bicycle seat tester.
You really are warped.
Except where you’re kinked.
Neither one means he’s wrong. 🙂
Leave him alone. We’ve determined there’s a good chance he was probed by aliens as a child.
Oh! My!
Bad Anchovy. Bad.
😉
Hey, we love him. He’s umami for the Prof.’s blog. Tasty…
My biggest concern? How either of these proposed standards will work when we’re all too busy tiptoeing around each other to have an honest discussion
That’s the idea. All questions about everything should be resolved by the government.
Honesty doesn’t have anything to do with it.
Mussolini coined a term for such a system. He thought it was a good idea.
Muslims and leftists have a set of shared values: When in Rome, force the Romans to do as you do.
Clean-up to aisle five, please. Trying to parse that sentence just blew Florida Amy’s mind. Advanced degree and all.
As a bonus, she was told “Do not wear” and wore a *black* headscarf to the interview.
Yeah, this was intentionally set.
“do not wear black”, sorry